Observing the view of women's marriage from universal values—Rereading the "The Buddha's Sayings of the Jade Female Sutra"
Shi Zhaohui
《If the content of the Buddha's Sutra on the Jade Ethics of Women is viewed from the universal values of "gender equality", it will immediately cause strong doubts and disgust.But it is also a big problem to examine the worldly values temporarily, from the pure and just principles of Buddhism.The reasons are as follows:
1. Using very derogatory words such as "Eighty-Four Evil Beings" and "There are ten evil things in women" to make Yuye's woman's attitude suddenly change, and she suddenly becomes a pitiful and pitiful little woman who claims to be "being despicable."This dramatic change seems to prove that people regard themselves as worthless is the best weapon to attack the other party.Because you don't have to conquer the other person, (she )It will be automatically disarmed!
However, this teaching method inspires not positive sentiments of self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-respect, but negative emotions of inferiority, self-deprecation, and self-pity.You should know: "Inferiority" is different from "humility";Humility comes from the observation of "dependence and origin". Only by thinking about all causes can we achieve success. Therefore, we dare not attack good deeds and will naturally develop a sense of humility and gratitude towards others.Inferiority is self-centered, but in comparison with self and others, due to poor conditions (Such as "Eighty-Four Guards" and "There are Ten Evils in the Body" )And I feel ashamed of myself.Inferiority and arrogance are often two-sided - people can feel inferior when they think they are despised, and they can become arrogant when they think they are superb.
Yuye Nu is very unhealthy. Her emotions are very polarized. She is either so arrogant that she does not take everyone in her husband's family seriously, or she is so inferior that she chooses to be her husband's "maid".Although she is arrogant, she is ignorant and unkind, she seems to be unable to see that she respects and cherishes her husband from the bottom of her heart.I am willing to become a "maid-wife" in order to seek blessings for myself - to pave a smooth road for a bright future that is enjoyable and free in heaven.
2. Let’s look at the role chosen by Yuye Nu - “Maid Woman”!If a husband is a "maid-wife", if her husband favors her, she will not be arrogant;If her husband doesn't love her, she won't resent.She had to accept the score after being beaten by her husband's stick;After being insulted by her husband, she could only endure it silently, and even had to "please feel happy and have no intention of being indifferent."When you are wronged, you can't appeal to justice (“If you meet your own faults, you will not appeal to you.” )。This attitude towards domestic violence and affair is simply "being madmanly" V.S. "Saddictive", after living for a long time, you will still be able to maintain your mental health!
Not to mention this, the wife should also "persuade her to be liked and not be jealous of her feelings", that is, she should take the initiative to persuade her husband to be prostitutes and concubines;Let him enjoy the blessings of others without jealousy.
Even though this kind of mind that is neither angry nor jealous has the noble significance of "cultivating forbearance and humiliation", we still have to doubt: Does such forbearance have lofty compassion or emptiness wisdom as the psychological basis?In the entire "Yuye Sutra", we cannot interpret such a message.We can even say that the forbearance of the "maid-wife" seems to be a manifestation of not being compassionate enough to her husband.Will the husband who commits domestic violence and mistresses receive bad retribution?According to the Buddhist law of cause and effect, of course it can do it.However, isn’t the forbearance of the “maid-wife” joint and several liability for spoiling her husband and pushing her husband into the evil path?
3. The scriptures analyze the content of the "five good and three evils" and explain in detail: What kind of joy and bitter fruits will the "five good and three evils" respectively bring.This way of abstaining from evil and persuading good is nothing more than "a stick and a carrot" and using the "responsive reaction learning principle" to achieve the goal of shaping behavior.But according to the Buddha's original teaching, moral behavior should come from the "self-education method" (That is, "unbearable to others" )The development of the law should not come from the actuarial calculation of "how to make oneself profit" - the former can develop "selfless" wisdom based on it, but the latter still revolves around the "self".Yuye Nu chose to do the five good things. If she only wanted to avoid the suffering of the "three evils" and seek the joy of the "five good things", rather than beating the people who cherish her husband and her husband's family from the bottom of her heart, we can sympathize with it, because this is the educational product of "the stick and the carrot", and she did not learn the essence of Buddhism of "the compassion for all beings", "the compassion for Dharma" and even "the compassion for no good things".
However, from the perspective of the whole sutra, we still find positive, positive and bright meanings:
1. From the perspective of Buddhist literature history, even if there are real people in Yuye Nu, we don’t have to think that every word and sentence in the sutra that admonishes Yuye are said by the Buddha.We don’t have to sit in a sad city where "every word is the measure of holy words". Facing the test of universal values, we are struggling and embarrassed. Instead, we would rather regard those words that are easily questioned and disgusted as precious historical materials that “reflect the situation of women in ancient Indian society.”
2. Give the lonely elder couple very kind to Yuye.Even though she was so rebellious, the two old people were still reluctant to put a "stick hit" on her.You should know that the role of a wife was extremely low in ancient Indian society. She was like a servant of a husband when she was alive. After her husband died, she was encouraged to be buried with her husband.My wife suffers from abuse from her husband's family (Even torture to death )Even now, I have heard of some love.Therefore, it is quite valuable tolerant and protection for the lonely elder couple to the evil daughter-in-law in that ancient society where the concept of "human rights" is not well-known.This may come from their moral inertia, or from the profound influence of the Buddha's teaching on "protecting life" or maybe both!
3. When the Buddha left, he taught Yuye earnestly, asking her to "believe in giving" and "recite scriptures and precepts diligently", and wished her to receive "the fifty good gods support you" and "always receive their blessings, and will be reborn in the future."From here, the Buddha is indeed loving Yu Ye from the bottom of his heart, as if he is loving a lovely daughter.Therefore, the various admonitions he gave to Yuye were somewhat to make her understand that as a woman, the situation was very difficult.Rather than using the theory of cause and effect of good and evil to intimidate and tempt her, it is better to say: he cannot bear to see Yuye suffer the pain of being blamed for his arrogance, and cannot bear to see her fall into the infinite misfortune of present and future generations in the cycle of "creating evil" and "feeling suffering".
4. Among the seven types of wives, married women do not necessarily become "hate wife", "deadly wife" and "maid-wife" to others. But why should women who like to show their maternal traits be a "mother-wife" who "don't tired of being tired and pity their husbands as children"?
An innocent, cute and innocent girl is very suitable to be a "sister woman" who "is like brothers, with the same spirit, close relatives, and no two feelings, respects her, like a sister serving her brother."
A mature, firm and confident woman is the wife of a wife—“Teaching and teaching kindness and advocating for the way.A woman who is focused and has no distinction between evil and "advance without breaking the etiquette, and retreat without losing politeness".
A new woman with outstanding talent and superb wisdom is "who has seen him and will do what he has done without any mistakes;Respect each other in good deeds, and make them more wise;Love and desire to save the world, like a good teacher”!
In short, when studying the "The Buddha's Sayings of the Jade Girl Sutra", we must realize that during the long-term collection and recitation of this sutra, it is inevitably mixed with patriarchal consciousness - it is not only in line with universal values, but also quite violates the Buddhist principles of "protecting life" and "no self".We don’t have to regard all these as “Buddha’s sayings” to avoid “the injustice of the Buddha in the three generations.”However, this sutra still has historical value that reflects the current social situation and social concepts of ancient India.
And when faced with "How should married women deal with themselves?How to get along with your husband's family? This eternal new topic engraves the diverse aspects of human nature, makes seven types of "reality" statements, and only makes negative value judgments on the two types of "aggressive women" and "deadly women".However, when women accept marriage, they can make appropriate "should" choices among the other "five generations of women".
It can be said that the analysis of the personality and behavior of the "seven generations of women" is the most vivid, interesting and exciting content in the scriptures!
Thoughts about rereading the "Buddha's Sayings of Jade Girls"
Text: Yang Fenqiang
The Buddha's teachings are an opportunity to understand the principles. After 2,500 years, we are still very friendly when we reread the Buddha's "Yuye Girl Sutra", like bathing in nectar and enlightenment. The Buddha made a detailed analysis and insightful classification of women and women's problems with his supreme wisdom. Its core idea is still of great significance to the resolution of family life and marriage contradictions today. Its core idea is deeply praised by the Buddha's preaching of the 84,000 Dharma doors, in order to save 84,000 sentient beings, and the Dharma is equal, without any high or low, and the Dharma is a metaphor, with the intention on the other side.
The Buddha said the "Yuye Girl Sutra" was the elder of the Buddha's Insuda (Elders who built a garden monastery with gold )The request was made to educate the elder Xuda's daughter-in-law Yuye.Yuye's daughter was born into a noble family and had a good appearance but did not believe in Buddhism. After getting married into the elder's family, she was arrogant and unreasonable and did not stick to her wife's demeanor.The Buddha taught the Buddha to make Yuye's daughter realize her sins well, and decided to change her mind and change her past mistakes. In this way, she asked her to take the Ten Precepts to be Upayi, take refuge in the Three Jewels, and be willing to be a maid.
Through the teaching of Yuye Nu, the Buddha systematically pointed out that women have eighty-four evil deeds, the ten kinds of karma faced by women in their lifetime, three kinds of defects, and the need to do the five good and eliminate the three evils to make the family harmonious.Then the Buddha divided women who were married into seven categories with his unique Buddha eyes, namely: one woman is like a mother, two woman is like a sister, three woman is like a good teacher, four woman is like a woman, five woman is like a maid, six woman is like an enemy, and seven woman is like a life-taking.And made an incisive definition of the seven types of wives and a description of the whereabouts of the present and the next life.
《The superficial meaning of the Yuye Girl Sutra is that the Buddha teaches women how to do good wives, but if we carefully interpret it, it is not difficult to see that the Buddha's compassion and wisdom are about pointing out the way of practicing the five saints of the wise and saints of the five vehicles:
one. Mother and wife are the way to become a Buddha. We know very well that the Buddha is called the human and heavenly master, and it is also the mother of sentient beings. The Buddha compares sentient beings to parent-children. Mother's love is also the Buddha's great love, and great love is manifested in the four immeasurable minds, namely compassion, joy, and giving.In marriage, a woman can be as pity as a child and never get tired of her. I believe she is not far from becoming a Buddha.
two. A sister-in-law is the way of the Bodhisattva. She regards her husband as brothers, with the same energy and fractal shape, and close relatives. This is clearly the great compassion of the Bodhisattva. A woman can regard her husband as close relatives, and she must be close relatives to her parents and brothers. As long as she knows that since the beginning of time, we sentient beings have been parents, brothers, and sisters with each other, she will definitely regard sentient beings as flesh and blood, and will surely become a great Bodhisattva.
three. A good teacher is the way of the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha. He can treat his husband according to his experiences and do things without any mistakes, and teach them good deeds to make them more clear and wise.Practice in life, live in practice, help educate your husband and become a partner in his practice. This should be the way of the Hinayana saint.
Four. A woman is the way of heaven. She is a wife who can do without words and without ease in her body. She is good at giving in and out of her mistakes and will be self-reported;To teach benevolence and charity, and to encourage progress to the path. If you can do these things, you must also achieve the Five Precepts and Ten Virtues. We should call it the Way of Heavenly Vehicle.
five. The maid is the way of human charity. It can fully meet the moral requirements of Indian society for women 2,500 years ago, and also possess the traditional Confucian standards of the Three Obediences and Four Virtues of China. Yuye Nu also knew that he could only be a maid. It can be seen that Yuye Nu is self-aware. Ordinary people can only reincarnate as human beings because of the five poisons of greed, anger, ignorance, arrogance and doubt in their hearts. Practice must also start with being a human being, that is, be a good person first, and then they can become a Buddha.
As for the resentful women and the deadly women, they are the path to the three evil paths. Those who are evil women often get bad reputations and make them feel uneasy in their present body. They are sick from all poisons and are restless in their slept up and have no wishes. They often encounter disasters. After that, they will go to hell, hungry ghosts and animals, and they will go to three devils and will never be completed.
The above is to interpret the supreme wisdom of the seven generations of women from the perspective of the Five Vehicles of Buddhism. This scripture is based on the marriage life of women, but it is not difficult to see that the Buddha is also preaching to married lay men at the same time.In fact, in the Buddha's eyes, there is no distinction between men and women. As men in the Dharma-Ending Age, we can also understand that the Buddha is telling us how to be husbands.Husbands can also be divided into seven categories: one husband is like a father, two husbands are like brothers, three husbands are like good teachers, four husbands are like husbands, five husbands are like humble husbands, six husbands are like resentful husbands, and seven husbands are like deadly husbands.From this we can also realize that the Buddha also pointed out the five-vehicle Buddhist paths for lay men to practice at home.To interpret the "Yuye Nu Sutra" from this level of no distinction between men and women, we can call this sutra "a treasure book for the harmonious and happy practice of Buddhism in modern families", and further verify that the Buddha said 84,000 Dharmas, equality of Dharma, no high or low, and Dharma is a metaphor for the non-dual truth that is intended on the other side.
Buddha is the real person. As a Buddhist son, we firmly believe in the Dharma that the Buddha preaches. The Buddha preaches the Dharma in five times. The "Yuye Nu Sutra" should be "the time of equality", and the Dharma that is said is the Dharma that is convenient and powerful.The Buddha was born because of a great cause and condition, that is, to let sentient beings understand the Buddha's knowledge and views. The Buddha preached the 84,000 Dharmas because of the different foundations of sentient beings and conveniently preaching. Each Dharma is deeply contained in the Buddha's liberation knowledge and views. When we read the "Yuye Nu Sutra", we should not only understand it from the surface, nor can we interpret the supreme Dharma of the scriptures with the discriminating mind of ordinary people. The Prajna wisdom of Buddhism is not affected by time and space. We should not have any doubts about Buddhism, thereby planting evil causes.
《The practical significance of the Yuye Girl Sutra is extremely far-reaching. Family problems and marriage problems have become extremely serious mental problems in the real society. Especially 40-year-old women and men are generally facing marriage crisis. The Buddha said that the Yuye Girl Sutra actually pointed out a way to liberation for this crisis to modern people.Yuye Nu was fortunate to live in the Dharma era when the Buddha was alive. Although Yuye Nu was unruly and became arrogant and hard to transform, the Buddha only tried his supernatural powers, so he immediately "formatted" his brain, installed the "supreme Buddhism", and consciously asked to take the ten precepts, convert to Buddhism, and claim to be a good maid first.Just imagine if the Buddha was still by our side today, there would be many good men and women as strong and difficult to transform like Yuye’s girl who would suddenly realize the Dharma and get rid of the painful situation of resentful women and resentful husbands.I really hope that all fellow Taoists can visualize it as if the Buddha is alive and show his supernatural powers, so that our contaminated minds for many lifetimes will be covered with the Dharma again, rebirth, and be greatly free.
From "Yuye Nu's Sutra" to the contemporary view of women's marriage
Text: Yiwen
The law is in the raft metaphor, and the meaning is on the other side.A raft is a boat, and a boat is a boat.Should we use bamboo rafts, small boats or ten thousand tons of ocean-going ships, we have to see if it is the other side of the stream?On the other side of the river?Or the other side of the river and the sea?!In the final analysis, it is the other side of the human heart.The compassion, wisdom and greatness of Buddhism lies in the fact that the Buddha has different foundations and good intentions due to sentient beings. There are 84,000 Dharmas, which are preached according to people, time and place.In other words, if you encounter a stream, you can use a bamboo raft to reach it. If you encounter a stream, you can use a boat to reach it. If you encounter a river, you can also have a ship that can reach it.
Thousands of years ago, Indian women were neither able to receive education like men nor had little contact with society. Their lives were narrow, closed and simple, so their hearts were at best just a shallow stream or a small river. After understanding this truth, and reading the "Yuye Girl Sutra" again, you will not misunderstand the good intentions of the Buddha or see the wisdom of the Buddha.
First of all, "universal values" will be different in different eras and different ethnic groups.If any reason is separated from the people and things in the specific time, the reason will have no basis for argumentation.
In India thousands of years ago, women had a very low status and had no much knowledge. Growing up in such a social context, you should tell them that "equality between men and women" and "self-esteem, self-confidence, self-love" are as impossible to be accepted and understood as talking about monogamy with the concubines in our ancient palaces.
Buddha advocates equality of all beings, and naturally advocates equality of men and women.However, the equality of men and women advocated by Buddha is not the absolute indiscriminate equality that many people nowadays think of "we women as well" as "what men can do," but the equality that respects the value of life and fulfills their natural duties to men and women.We see that in Volume 50 of the "Agama Sutra", the Buddha taught people to be "loyal and honest, self-reliant, one husband and wife, kind and not angry", and in the "Shansheng Sutra", he taught men to "treat each other with courtesy" and in the "Secret Translation of Zaagama Sutra", he called his wife "the most relative and friend".And in the "Yuye Girl Sutra", there are also wonderful descriptions of women such as mothers, sisters, good teachers, and women, which shows the tolerance and perfection of the Buddha's wisdom.
The Buddha said to Yuyewo, "There are ten evil things in a woman's body", which is actually just a true statement of the living conditions and status of women in that place.If we put aside the view of time and space and character, it will be difficult to face and accept calmly, but isn’t that the historical facts of women’s lives and low status thousands of years ago?!We often say that the other side of arrogance is inferiority. Then we should also understand that for Yuye Nu, a woman who is arrogant by nature, the most direct and effective way to let go of her arrogance within one day is to break her self-righteous and arrogant by listing all kinds of discomforts in her life. She is so lazy that she cannot know how to become a mother and wife who is "untired and tired of her heart and pity her husband as a child" in one day, and it is impossible for her to become a "naive, cute, and innocent" girl, and it is even more difficult to become a "mature, firm and confident" woman or a "excellent talent and superb" good teacher woman, and it is reasonable to choose to be a "maid".In the sutra, the Buddha used the "five good and three evils" to persuade Yuye to avoid evil and do good, which was only based on its foundation and took advantage of the situation and was very skillful.Just imagine using a big boat to cross a stream, but it can only be stranded, and only by passing through the stream can you use the simplest and primitive bamboo raft.
If women's lives thousands of years ago were as narrow as shallow and bottomless streams, then today's women are in a materialized society with diverse cultural ideas. The complexity of what they see, hear and experience determines that the problems and troubles in their hearts are like turbulent rivers and seas. There must be tens of thousands of tons of ocean ships to reach the other side, and the other side of happiness and joy.
《Even though the Yuye Girl Sutra mentions what a good teacher is, it does not provide a methodology for how to become a good teacher. Then, teaching the values of Yuye Girl thousands of years ago to guide the marriage of modern women, just like using a small boat to cross the turbulent rivers and seas, it is difficult to ensure that they are not capsized or submerged.Why?Because modern people are in an environment with more freedom, more choices and open values, all kinds of desires in their hearts are growing more wantonly in the turbid environment.In order to satisfy these desires, people are constantly pursuing material wealth. The problems and troubles brought by greed are increasing, and the relationship between people is becoming more complicated.At the same time, people's requirements for happiness and love are getting higher and higher, and the critical point of happiness is getting higher and higher.
Looking around us, even if there are mothers, sisters, women, or even maids, they may not be able to maintain eternal love and harmony between husband and wife.Even if you are a good teacher and have the kindness of loving each other to save the world, your husband may not be able to be wise to save it with him.Whether it is a mother or a girl, or even a more mature woman or a good teacher, it can only be a necessary condition for a woman to become a woman and a wife to become a good wife, but it cannot be a sufficient condition for a perfect and happy marriage or even the relationship between the two genders.Why?First, as the Buddha mentioned in the "Sutra of Miscellaneous Days" that among the couples in the world, there are "finished sins" - the couple who have been compensated for the past sins.Secondly, because modern people have added more and more conditions to love, and any conditions have the nature of impermanence and destruction because of all the born and conditioned laws.The opposition between the exclusive nature of love and the impermanence is caused by suffering and anger.Therefore, to save modern women, the "Yuye Nu's Sutra" is not big enough. Only by using the true meaning of Buddhism, which is dependent on the emptiness of nature, can we understand the disadvantages and true nature of greed and love, and turn greed and love afflictions into Bodhi wisdom, can we "retain confusion and rebirth".
The Buddha has the Heart Sutra to teach you to understand the emptiness and impermanence of all things;There is a "Jingang Sutra" that teaches you to break "greed, hatred, ignorance, and arrogance". It is neither "self-attachment" nor "other-attachment". If you do not have one attachment, you will do whatever you want. According to the wisdom of Mahayana Prajna, you will be spotless and unspotted, and transform the greed and love of polluted mortals into pollution-free compassion, respect, and Dharma love;The Buddha also teaches us how to practice specifically, because "all Buddhist teachings have achieved success based on these ten virtue lands";The Vimalakirti Sutra teaches you to "work meditation in desires" and let life bloom like a lotus in the mud.
Of course, the bigger the ship, the more difficult it is to control it. It depends on each person's nature and practice.
The relationship between genders and the "women" of "women"
——Reading the "Yuye Nu Sutra" and Master Zhaohui's "Appreciation"
Text: Xiao Zhu
In any society, gender relations mean some kind of threat to the existing order.This is because everyone is in a multiple social relationship between spiritual and material. However, the union between men and women will inevitably make the relationship between the two people based on physiological needs override the original social relationship between the two parties. Therefore, the relationship between the two genders often destroys the balance of the interpersonal network and even causes conflicts between different groups - families, villages and even religions.In other words, the relationship between the two genders involves not only the two parties themselves, but also the others in the living world of both parties.A person determines his relationship with another opposite sex, and at the same time, he redefined him and others to a considerable extent (Especially other opposite sex )The relationship between.The existence of others, that is, society, is the reason why the relationship between men and women cannot develop freely based on biological principles.No wonder the modern ballet choreographer Morris Bega (Maurice B andjart)He once used a three-person dance of one man and two woman to interpret the famous saying of French philosopher Sartre: "Others are hell."
Since gender relations significantly affect the stability of social order, almost all societies must develop a system that stipulates the roles and codes of conduct of both genders and limits the scope, timing and methods of people's mate selection.The family system and related ethics are such social inventions.Monogamy, which is commonly seen in our society, is one of various possible gender systems.There have been or even still exist in human society in various forms of marriage systems such as polygamy, polygamy, and walk-in marriage system, as well as corresponding ethical and social order.The gender system including monogamy and the anti-thesis of monogamy, the system of concubines, prostitutes, and other gender systems are the result of social construction.From a ultimate perspective, like any social system, they have no fundamental, sacred and inviolable legitimacy, and are some conveniences born from causes and conditions.
Although this is true, we cannot but recognize the necessity of marriage and family systems to society.Going further, we cannot equally consider the various consequences of different systems and one system."Universal Values" intervene in our observation and grasp of society at this level.That is to say, based on the highest ethical principle that humans can argue and understand, we should ask how far a "necessary" system is far from the "good" we can imagine.Human progress is based on this constant questioning.As far as men and women are concerned, we cannot help but admit that in most human society, for a considerable period of history, women have been victims and victims of the gender system with the marriage system as the core.Male domination has caused too many misfortunes.Moreover, in order to justify and naturalize their privileges, men have developed a set of discourses and ideologies. In the end, even oppressed women believe in this set of discourses and ideologies and become complicit in the oppressors.In fact, patriarchal discourse can hardly find any basis for withstand criticism. Deconstructing patriarchal power in concept only requires a little simple reflection.For example, to this day, there are many people who believe successful men have the right to “enjoy” more women.However, it is not noticed that "success" is almost entirely defined by men.In this regard, a clear example is that labor within the family, which is long-termly undertaken by women, is often not recognized as effective.For example, some people try to attribute the sexual privileges of men over women to biological reasons, pointing out that women are weak and must be dominated and protected by men.However, this seemingly correct statement is actually due to the consequences.Physical anthropology studies show that in ancient times, men and women had physical fitness (Height, weight and strength, etc. )The difference is very small, and the increase in this difference is actually a long-term consequence of social division of labor.In other words, it is not that biological attributes determine social differences, but that social differences change biological characteristics.Similarly, some men also believe that men have stronger requirements for sex than women, which shows that men should have more privileges in pursuing the opposite sex.However, the actual situation is exactly the opposite.From a purely physiological perspective, women have much higher sexual abilities than men.Therefore, some feminists have long believed that patriarchy is precisely a tool of power invented by men due to their physical weakness compared to women.
Although gender equality is already a widely accepted concept today, patriarchy is still a basic background in our real society.In some ancient societies—such as India and China—masculinism and related class differentiation were extremely serious.As some memories and narratives of Buddhist scriptures, some of the memories and narrations of Buddhist disciples, were also influenced by some dominant concepts in society at that time, which was extremely natural.Therefore, it is not surprising that the "Yuye Nu Sutra" which discusses the relationship between husband and wife reflects the patriarchal consciousness of "it will immediately cause strong doubts and disgust."However, if you stick to words and violate the principle of equality of all beings, and you must tie Buddhism with patriarchy together, it would be too rigid.In this regard, Master Zhaohui's appreciation provides a good example of interpreting scriptures according to the law.She also takes into account the modern moral stance and historic reading attitude, not only directly pointing out the violation of universal values and the correct principles of Buddhism in the "Yuye Girl Sutra", but also reminds the "positive, positive, and bright" aspects of the entire sutra.In particular, Master Zhaohui interprets the modern image of the Five Good Woman.She pointed out that when women accept marriage, they can choose among the "Five Good Women" based on their personality tendencies.This is equivalent to giving a method for contemporary society to recognize and apply the "Yuye Nu's Sutra".However, are these "five good women" just five parallel types of "reality" statements?If we carefully read the classification of the Five Good Womans in the Bible, we may be able to find some hidden points.
The so-called five good wives are mothers, sisters, good teachers, women and maids.These five types are actually the projection of five social relationships in husband-wife relationships.The mother is a mother and son /The reappearance of the father-son relationship in the husband-wife relationship;The girl is a brother /The extension of the sisters' blood relationship;A good teacher’s wife is a metaphor for the relationship between teachers and students;The maid reflects the relationship between the monarch and the subject or the master and servant (Therefore, it is not difficult for us to understand why Master Zhaohui has reserved his attitude towards "maid girl" )。By contrast, it seems that only "women" are the most special and cannot be simply compared to a particular type of social relationship.The so-called "women" are "wives who become their wives."Here, "woman" itself is like "mother", "sister", "good teacher" and "maid", which itself is a category of virtue.And this unique virtue relative to other types of social relations is perhaps the key to our understanding of "good" husband-and-wife relationships.
Master Zhaohui called this kind of woman the kind of "mature, firm and confident woman" and the "wife among wives".Indeed, the wife here has a kind of respect but not inferiority, diligence but not rebellious.But if we savor it carefully, we will find that this kind of character is not only applicable to those who are married, but to everyone: In Confucian terms, this kind of "woman" is actually a "gentleman woman" because the virtues possessed by women are also the virtues that gentlemen should possess?So, how should a gentleman handle a husband-wife relationship well?Perhaps it is to use "benevolence" to handle the relationship between "two people" well: benevolent people love others.From this point of view, the special wife virtue and the general gentleman's virtue are concentrated on "love".However, this love is different from maternal love based on family affection, sister love based on blood relationship, teacher love based on rationality, and maid love based on slavery. It takes into account the collective conscience of emotional freedom.In this love, the wife is the real wife, the husband is the real husband, and the person is the real person.
